Standards Track: Core

EIP-3198: BASEFEE opcode

Authors	Abdelhamid Bakhta (@abdelhamidbakhta), Vitalik Buterin (@vbuterin)
Created	2021-01-13
Requires	EIP-1559

Simple Summary
Abstract
Motivation
Specification
Rationale
- Gas cost
Backwards Compatibility
Test Cases
- Nominal case
Security Considerations
Copyright

Simple Summary

Adds an opcode that gives the EVM access to the block’s base fee.

Abstract

Add a BASEFEE (0x48) that returns the value of the base fee of the current block it is executing in.

Motivation

The intended use case would be for contracts to get the value of the base fee. This feature would enable or improve existing use cases, such as:

Contracts that need to set bounties for anyone to “poke” them with a transaction could set the bounty to be BASEFEE + x, or BASEFEE * (1 + x). This makes the mechanism more reliable, because they will always pay “enough” regardless of market conditions.
Gas futures can be implemented based on it. This would be more precise than gastokens.
Improve the security for state channels, plasma, optirolls and other fraud proof driven solutions. Having the BASEFEE as an input allows you to lengthen the challenge period automatically if you see that the BASEFEE is high.

Specification

Add a BASEFEE opcode at (0x48), with gas cost G_base.

Op	Input	Output	Cost
0x48	0	1	2

Rationale

Gas cost

The value of the base fee is needed to process transactions. That means it’s value is already available before running the EVM code. The opcode does not add extra complexity and additional read/write operations, hence the choice of G_base gas cost.

Backwards Compatibility

There are no known backward compatibility issues with this opcode.

Test Cases

Nominal case

Assuming current block base fee is 7 wei. This should push the value 7 (left padded byte32) to the stack.

Bytecode: 0x4800 (BASEFEE, STOP)

Pc	Op	Cost	Stack	RStack
0	BASEFEE	2	[]	[]
1	STOP	0	[7]	[]

Output: 0x Consumed gas: 2

Security Considerations

The value of the base fee is not sensitive and is publicly accessible in the block header. There are no known security implications with this opcode.

Copyright

Citation

Please cite this document as:

Abdelhamid Bakhta (@abdelhamidbakhta), Vitalik Buterin (@vbuterin), "EIP-3198: BASEFEE opcode," Ethereum Improvement Proposals, no. 3198, January 2021. [Online serial]. Available: https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-3198.